ProPath Cu 170 to support reproduction, bone formation, and immunity.

ProPath Fe 150 Performance Minerals by Zinpro is an essential mineral and found in all body cells. It is vitally important for red blood cells to transport oxygen throughout the body. Our iron is specially bonded (chelated) with amino acids to enhance absorption and assimilation. Once absorbed from the diet, iron it is stored in the body and seldom lost. As a result, the requirement for iron only increases drastically during periods of unusual blood loss, such as in cases of parturition, major surgery, injury, or severe parasitic infection or gastrointestinal disease. AAFCO establishes minimum and maximum levels of iron.

ProPath Zn 170 Performance Minerals by Zinpro is specially bonded (chelated) with amino acids to enhance absorption and assimilation. Zinc is critical to enzyme function for many of the body's major metabolic pathways. For example, it affects the development of cartilage, blood, bone, keratin, and mammary glands. Wound healing and oxygen transfer also rely on zinc.

ProPath Mn 150 Performance Minerals by Zinpro is a trace mineral critical for brain and nervous system function. Our manganese is specially bonded (chelated) with amino acids to enhance absorption and assimilation. Manganese is also a key component of several cell enzymes that catalyze metabolic reactions and help the body use vitamin E and B1. Manganese is necessary for normal bone development and reproduction. Foods that are good sources of manganese include legumes and whole-grain cereals. Naturally occurring manganese deficiency has not been reported in either dogs or cats.

L-carnitine supports strong muscles and energy production at the cellular level. Our formulas contain optimal levels of this important amino acid in its most bioavailable form to maximize exercise performance and muscle recovery. L-carnitine also supports healthy body weight and protects against oxidative stress during strenuous exercise, helping your dog reach his peak level of performance.

Glucosamine hydrochloride (HCl) form is purer and provides more available glucosamine per unit weight and contains much less residual ash. Glucosamine HCl and glucosamine sulfate both work equally well in dogs.

Vitamin E is a fat-soluble group of 8 structurally distinct molecules known as tocopherols; they are potent antioxidants. It can help defend the body against free radicals in the skin and other cells. It functions to stabilize cell membranes and protect them from damage by air pollutants, particularly the cells in the tissues of the lungs and mouth. Vitamin E is also an essential, fat-soluble vitamin that is good for a dog’s immune system, muscles, heart health, liver, nerve cell membranes and healthy skin and coat.

Vitamin B12 is the largest, most complex, and most potent water-soluble compound essential to animals and microorganisms, such as probiotics. Vitamin B12 is necessary for food metabolism, DNA formation, and the prevention of anemia.

Vitamin A is essential for normal eyesight. This vitamin combines with a specialized protein in the retina of the eye that is necessary for night vision. Vitamin A also helps develop and maintain the cornea in the eye, all mucous membranes, the digestive tract, the urinary tract, the reproductive tract, the skin and the lungs. It is important for normal body growth and the formation of bones and soft tissue. This vitamin also helps support the immune system. Vitamin A is stored in the liver.

Vitamin D3 is a fat-soluble vitamin. Its main function is to stimulate the absorption of calcium and phosphorus. This important vitamin aids in the formation of normal bones and teeth. It also aids in the maintenance of a healthy nerve and muscle system by regulating the level of calcium in the blood. Calcium is necessary for normal nerve transmission and muscle contraction (including the heartbeat), and the nerves and muscles depend on a constant supply of this mineral from the blood.

Biotin, also known as Vitamin H or B8, is a water-soluble, nitrogen-containing vitamin that is imperative for cell growth, the production of fatty acids, and in the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins. Biotin has been shown to strengthen keratin found in nails and foot pads.

Thiamine (Vitamin B1) is a water soluble vitamin also known as thiamin or thiamine hydrochloride. Thiamine Mononitrate is required for normal functioning of all body cells, especially nerves and peristaltic movement in the GI tract. Vitamin B1 is involved in numerous body processes that break convert food into energy and strengthen heart muscle. Vitamin B1 deficiency may lead to weakness, GI disorders, and weight loss. Because this vitamin is water-soluble, excesses are excreted in the urine rather than stored, and a daily supply of the vitamin is necessary.

Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) is a water-soluble vitamin. Vitamin B2 is essential for the normal release of energy from carbohydrate, protein and fat in food. It is important for normal growth and development, the production of and regulation of certain hormones, and eye pigment formation. It is a critical component in making energy for cells. Low levels can lead to dermatitis, eye lesions, and poor growth.

Niacin (Vitamin B3) is a water soluble vitamin that cannot be stored in the body because any unused niacin is excreted in urine. Niacin functions in over 50 body processes and is primarily important in the release of energy from carbohydrates. Niacin aids in the breakdown of carbohydrates, protein and fats, in the formation of red blood cells and in the detoxification of several drugs and chemicals. The diversity of niacin's roles makes it essential for the supply of energy to and the maintenance of all body cells. It is an essential vitamin for a healthy nervous system and brain function and is one of the first vitamins to be used-up in times of stress.

Choline Chloride is a dietary source of choline included in the B-complex vitamins. Choline is necessary for nerve function and fat metabolism and can be manufactured in the body but not at a sufficient rate to meet health requirements. Dietary Choline protects against poor growth, fatty liver, and renal damage in many animals.

Sea Salt helps regulate proper blood pH levels, water balance, and nerve and kidney functions, while also enhancing the flavor of your dog's food.

Folic Acid is a Vitamin B complex that is water-soluble and essential in animal metabolism. It is also known as folate or Factor R. Folic acid is absorbed from the small intestine and small amounts are stored in the liver and other tissues. Excess is excreted in the feces. Its main function is to maintain the cells' genetic code, regulate cell division, and build red and white blood cells. When folic acid is deficient in the body, the inability to produce adequate DNA leads to decreased cellular growth and maturation. Like several of the other B vitamins, folic acid is synthesized by the bacteria of the large intestine in dogs and cats.